Compounds represented by the structural formulae ##STR1## wherein n is an integer 0 or 1; A, B and C each independently represent hydrogen or alkyl having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, provided that when n is 0 at least one of A, B or C cannot be hydrogen; R represents hydrogen or an alkyl having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms; D and E each independently represent hydrogen or alkyl having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, provided that the sum of the carbon atoms in D and E does not exceed 6, provided that, in the bicyclo compounds, at least one of A, B, C, D or E must be an alkyl; m is an integer 1 through 8; aroma chemicals F and G represent hydrogen or alkyl having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms; X represents ##STR2## WHEREIN P IS AN INTEGER 0 THROUGH 2 AND I and J each independently represent hydrogen or methyl, provided that if p is 0 then m must be greater than 2; provided that the sum of the carbon and oxygen atoms in the compound is no greater than 23, are useful as fragrances or as components in fragrance compositions. These compounds have very pleasant, strong and long-lasting aromas. Novel compounds are also disclosed.

Claims

The embodiments of this invention in which a particular property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows:

1. A compound represented by the structural formula ##STR10## wherein m is aninteger from 1 through 8; F and G represent hydrogen or alkyl having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms; and R represents hydrogen or an alkyl having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

2. A compound according to claim 1 wherein m is 2.

3. A compound according to claim 2 which is 3,5,5,7-tetramethyltricyclo[6.4.0.02,7 ]dodecane-3-ol.

4. A compound according to claim 3 which is 5,5,7-trimethyltricylco[6.4.0.02,7 ]dodecane-3-ol.

Description

This invention relates to the art of fragrance compositions and, more particularly,to a class of compounds possessing desirable aromas. More specifically, this invention is directed to a class of compounds useful as fragrances or as components in fragrance compositions.

The art of perfumery began, perhaps, in the ancient cave dwellings, of prehistoric man. From its inception, and until comparatively recently, the perfumer has utilized natural perfume chemicals of animal and vegetable origin. Thus, naturalperfume chemicals such as the essential oils, for example, oil of rose and oil of cloves, and animal secretions such as musk, have been manipulated by the perfumer to achieve a variety of fragrances. In more recent years, however, research perfumechemists have developed a large number for synthetic odoriferous chemicals possessing aroma characteristics particularly desired in the art. These synthetic aroma chemicals have added a new dimension to the ancient art of the perfumer, since thecompounds prepared are usually of a stable chemical nature, are inexpensive as compared with the natural perfume chemicals and lend themselves more easily to manipulation than natural perfume chemicals since such natural perfume chemicals are usually acomplex mixture of substances which defy chemical analysis. In contrast thereto, the synthetic aroma chemicals manufacturer possess a known chemical structure and may therefore be manipulated by the perfumer to suit specific needs. Accordingly, there is a greatneed in the art of fragrance compositions for compounds possessing specific characteristic aromas.

The principal object of the present invention is to provide such a class of aroma chemicals.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a specific class of compounds having characteristic aromas which are useful in the preparation of fragrances and fragrance compositions.

These and other objects, aspects and advantages of this invention will become apparent from a consideration of the accompanying specification and claims.

In accordance with the above objects, there is provided by the present invention a class of compounds represented by the structural formulae ##STR3## wherein n is an integer 0 or 1; A, B and C each independently represent hydrogen or alkyl havingfrom 1 to 3 carbon atoms, provided that when n is 0 at least one of A, B or C cannot be hydrogen; R represents hydrogen or alkyl having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms; D and E each independently represent hydrogen or alkyl having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms,provided that the sum of the carbon atoms in D and E does not exceed 6, provided that, in the bicyclo compounds, at least one of A, B, C, D or E must be an alkyl; m is an integer 1 through 8; F and G represent hydrogen or alkyl having from 1 to 3 carbonatoms; X represents ##STR4## wherein p is an integer 0 through 2 and I and J each independently represent hydrogen or methyl, provided that if p is 0 then m must be greater than 2; provided that the sum of the carbon and oxygen atoms in the compound isno greater than 23. These compounds are useful as fragrances or as components in fragrance compositions.

Synthesis of these compounds can proceed as illustrated in the following equations: ##STR5## In the above equations, n, A, B, C, D and E have the same meanings as set forth above. As shown in equation (1), a substituted or unsubstitutedcycloalkenone is reacted with an appropriate substituted or unsubstituted olefin to form the corresponding bicyclo compound. This cycloaddition is readily accomplished by conducting the reaction by irradiation of the reactants in an appropriate solventthrough a glass filter which will not pass light having a wave length of less than 2600 A.

As shown in equation (2), the ketone can be reduced to the secondary alcohol (where R is hydrogen) in the presence of a suitable reducing agent such as sodium borohydride, aluminum isopropoxide, or lithium aluminum hydride. As shown in equation(3), the tertiary alcohol (where R is alkyl) can be prepared from the ketone by reaction with a Grignard reagent or an alkyl lithium reagent. ##STR6## In the above equations, n, A, B, C, D, E, F, G and m have the same meanings as set forth above. Asshown in equation (4), the ketone precursors are also formed by a photosynthesis reaction of an appropriate cycloalkenone with an appropriate olefin to obtain the desired cycloaddition compound. aroma chemicals

As shown in equation (5), the ketone can be reduced to the secondary alcohol (where R is hydrogen) in the presence of a suitable reducing agent such as sodium borohydride, aluminum isopropoxide, or lithium aluminum hydride. As shown in equation(6), the tertiary alcohol (where R is alkyl) can be prepared from the ketone by reaction with a Grignard reagent or an alkyl lithium reagent. ##STR7## In the above equations, n, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, m and X have the same meanings as set forth above. The ketone precursors of the compounds of Formula III can be prepared as shown in equation (7) by a photosynthesis reaction of an appropriate cycloalkenone with an appropriate olefin to obtain the desired cycloaddition compound.

As shown in equation (8), the ketone can be reduced to the secondary alcohol (where R is hydrogen) in the presence of a suitable reducing agent such as sodium borohydride, aluminum isopropoxide, or lithium aluminum hydride. As shown in equation(9), the tertiary alcohol (where R is alkyl) can be prepared from the ketone by reaction with a Grignard reagent or an alkyl lithium reagent.

The reaction conditions for the cycloaddition reaction are not critical but should be such as to facilitate the preparation of the ketones. Thus, the reaction of equations (1), (4) and (7) is normally conducted at a temperature of from lowtemperatures up to about 150° C. Illustrative solvents useful in these reactions are the olefins themselves, acetonitrile, benzene, acetone, ethyl acetate, hydrocarbons, ethers and methylene chloride. Methylene chloride is a preferred solvent.

aroma chemicals manufacturer

The reaction conditions for the formation of the secondary alcohols from the corresponding ketones are not critical but should be such as to facilitate the preparation of the desired alcohols. Thus, the reaction of equations (2), (5) and (8) isnormally conducted at a temperature of from ambient up to about 70° C.

Illustrative solvents useful in these reactions are methanol, ethanol and isopropyl alcohol for reactions using sodium borohydride as the reducing agent. For reactions using aluminum isopropoxide as the reducing agent, isopropyl alcohol is thepreferred solvent. For reactions using lithium aluminum hydride as the reducing agent, the solvents can be ether or tetrahydrofuran. Tetrahydrofuran is the preferred solvent with this latter reducing agent.

The reaction conditions for the formation of the tertiary alcohols from the corresponding ketones should be carried out at lower temperatures, preferably at or below ambient and in the absence of oxygen and moisture.

Illustrative solvents useful in the reactions of equations (3), (6) and (9) are ether or tetrahydrofuran for the Grignard reagent and ether or hydrocarbon solvents for the alkyl lithium reagent.

More specific details of the procedures for preparation of the ketone precursors of the compounds of the instant invention can be found in copending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 645,188, filed 12-29-75 which is incorporated herein byreference.

More preferred embodiments are those compounds represented by the following structural formula ##STR8## wherein A, B, C, F, G, m and R have the same meanings as set forth above.

aroma chemicals manufacturer

Still more particularly preferred compounds are represented by the following structural formulae ##STR9## wherein m, F, G and R have the same meanings as set forth above. The compounds of Formula VI are particularly preferred novel compounds.

This invention of aroma chemicals relates to the art of fragrance compositions and, more particularly, to a class of compounds possessing desirable aromas. More specifically, this invention of aroma chemical manufacturer is directed to a class of compounds useful as fragrances or as components in fragrance compositions.

The art of perfumery began, perhaps, in the ancient cave dwellings, of prehistoric man. From its inception, and until comparatively recently, the perfumer has utilized natural perfume chemicals of animal and vegetable origin. Thus, natural perfume chemicals such as the essential oils, for example, oil of rose and oil of cloves, and animal secretions such as musk, have been manipulated by the perfumer to achieve a variety of fragrances. In more recent years, however, research perfume chemists have developed a large number

for synthetic odoriferous chemicals possessing aroma characteristics particularly desired in the art. These synthetic aroma chemicals have added a new dimension to the ancient art of the perfumer, since the compounds prepared are usually of a stable chemical nature, are inexpensive as compared with the natural perfume chemicals and lend themselves more easily to manipulation than natural perfume chemicals since such natural perfume chemicals are usually a complex mixture of substances which defy chemical analysis. In contrast thereto, the synthetic aroma chemicals manufacturer possess a known chemical structure and may therefore be manipulated by the perfumer to suit specific needs. Accordingly, there is a great need in the art of fragrance compositions for compounds possessing specific characteristic aromas.

The principal object of the present invention of aroma chemicals is to provide such a class of aroma chemicals supplier.

Another object of the present invention of aroma chemical is to provide a specific class of compounds having characteristic aromas which are useful in the preparation of fragrances and fragrance compositions.

I have noticed lately that some natural perfumers have discovered natural isolates and aroma molecules synthesized from natural (plant based) materials. I have been using these materials for years, and can remember a time when many natural perfumers would not have thought to use such materials and considered them synthetic. Well....they are synthetic in regards to processing. They are not, in regards to starting materials.

I spent a lot of time discussing this with folks, but didn't get very far. The mindset was so closed to even the possibility of using these materials that I decided to let it go and move on. Amazing what a few years can do. And no one is more pleased to see this than I am.

In my work I will more often than not choose a plant based synthetic over a crude based synthetic. Not to be confused with nature identical, which (for the most part) are crude based doppelgangers of natural isolates.

Whether one calls these materials synthetic or not is just a matter of personal preference, as there are arguments to support both sides.

The truth is, all perfumery materials are synthesized to some degree.

Choosing the natural aroma chemical supplier over the crude is a great way to stay true to ones craft, but it isn't (as some would believe) the most economical one. Natural aroma chemicals are still way more expensive than their crude based counterparts. For example. Natural Heliotropine is 1,450.00 pr kilo, the synthetic is 113.00 pr kilo. Phenylethyl Acetate Natural is 800.00 pr kilo the synthetic is 54.00 pr. kilo. Yes just 54 bucks. Many synthetic chemicals are dirt cheap like this. It is why the perfume industry chooses to use them.

Pricing was obtained from one of my suppliers Vigon International.

For anyone interested in natural aroma chemicals manufacturer Vigon has a fair amount, Sigma Aldrich has a better selection and for some of the harder to find in natural, AM Todd has a good selection. A M Todd bought out Moore Organics, moorelab.com. so if you try to google them you will get a redirect. They are located just thirty minutes from me so I can pick up supplies from them directly. Hopefully the buy out has not prompted them to close down their facility here.

Unlike a rose oil that will have subtle changes from year to year due to climate and soil conditions, aroma chemicals are standardized to always be the same, so sharing the info. isn't such a big thing.

I am not so quick to share the source of small batch distillations of special oils. (smile)

Change is good in this regard because it not only adds to the possibilities in the formulation of natural perfumes, but also peels away the layers of fear and ignorance when it comes to perfumery materials.

I am all for expanding the mind, and know from years of experience that the best way is with education. It's one thing to be fearful of something with just cause, it is insanity to be fearful of shadows and imaginary threats. Or worse to let ignorant ill-informed people yank us around by the nose.

The present invention relates to a chemical-resistant wholly aromatic polyamide fiber material. More particularly, the present invention relates to a wholly aromatic polyamide fiber material having an enhanced resistance to chemicals such as alkali and imitation watches acid, replica watches and also to heat.

It is known that the so-called wholly aromatic polyamide resins have higher softening and melting points than those of aliphatic polyamide resins, and exhibit desirable physical and chemical properties, such as: excellent heat-resisting properties, for example, a high ratio of mechanical strength at an elevated temperature compared to that of at room temperature, superior stabilities in dimension and shape at an elevated temperature, and a high resistance to thermal decomposition; high resistances to various chemicals, and, superior mechanical properties, for example, a high tensile strength and high Young's moduls. Also, it is known that the wholly watches for men Aroma chemicals resins have high orienting and crystallizing properties. Accordingly, the wholly aromatic polyamide resins are suitable as a material for producing filaments, fibers and films having a high heat resistance, a superior flame-retarding property, and high tensile strength and Young's modulus.

Also, it is known that in various types of industires, various types of fluids (gases and liquids) are filtered with filter cloths. The fluids to be filtered sometimes have an elevated chanel watches temperature and/or contain various aroma chemicals manufacturer, for example, acid substances such as hydrogen chloride (hydrochloric acid), sulfur dioxide (sulfurous acid anhydride), sulfur trioxide (sulfuric acid anhydride) and sulfuric acid, and alkaline substances such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide. Therefore, the filter cloth should exhibit satisfactory resistance not only to elevated temperatures, but also, to various aroma chemicals, in addition to having a satisfactory filtering property.

In view of the above-mentioned preferable properties of the wholly aromatic polyamide resins, it is expected that the wholly aroma chemicals supplier are useful for producing a filter cloth suitable for filtering various fluids having an elevated temperature and containing various chemicals.

Hitherto, the filter cloth resistant to heat and aroma chemicals were produced from inorganic fibers, for example, glass fibers or asbestos fibers, or synthetic organic fibers, for example, polyethylene terephthalate fibers or poly-m-phenylene isophthalate fibers. The glass fibers and asbestos fibers are highly resistant to heat and acid substances. However, the glass fibers exhibit an unsatisfactory resistance to alkaline substances, a poor filtering property to dust and a large flexural fatigue. The polyethylene terephthalate fiber cloth exhibits an excellent filtering property and resistance to flexural fatigue. However, the polyethylene terephthalate fiber cloth is unsatisfactory in its resistance to acid and alkaline substances and heat. Also, the wholly aromatic polyamide fiber cloth has an excellent filtering property and excellent resistances to heat, flexural fatigue and alkaline substances. However, the filtering cloth consisting of wholly aromatic polyamide fibers such as poly-m-phenylene isophthalate fibers exhibits an unsatisfactory resistance to acid substances.

In order to enhance the resistance of the wholly Aroma chemical manufacturer cloth to the chemicals, various types of treatments on the wholly aromatic polyamide fiber cloth were attempted. However, the attempted treatments not only failed to impart a satisfactory resistance to chemicals to the wholly aromatic polyamide fiber cloth, but also, caused the filtering property of the cloth to become remarkably poor.

Accordingly, it is strongly desired to enhance the resistance of the wholly polyamide fiber material to aroma chemicals without degrading another properties thereof, for example, the filtering property, resistance to heat or the mechanical strength thereof.

To Wear Perfume:

1.Apply perfume to the pulse points of the wrists and throat. A couple of spritzes from about 6 inches away should moisten the skin slightly. Do not over-apply thinking that the scent should stay strong all day long. Subtly is the key to proper application.

2.Restrain from spraying more perfume periodically throughout the day. The nose becomes desensitized to fragrances and an individual will not be able to smell their own scent while others still can.

3.Spray some cologne on the nape of the neck and shoulder for aroma chemical manufacturer . A woman's partner will be pleasantly surprised by a hint of perfume along the rolex watches collar bone or on the lower back. The scent should only be as strong as a single flower and not overpowering.

4.Select a perfume to augment the outside world. For example, chose a flowery fragrance for those days when the sun is hidden by clouds and the weather is gloomy. Pick an exotic woody fragrance for cold snowy days. A perfume with a suggestion of spice is a good choice for a quiet time at home.

5.Add just a hint of another fragrance to a different area of the body, such as the back or lower legs. This nearly imperceptible interchange of fragrances will register subconsciously with others and cause them to take notice.

Global demand to rise 4.3% annually through 2014

Worldwide demand for flavors and fragrances -- including flavor and fragrance blends, as well as essential oils and other natural extracts, and aroma chemicals -- is projected to increase 4.3 percent per year to $23.5 billion in 2014. Overall advances will be stimulated by gains in food and beverage processing activity, which represents by far the largest market segment. Growth in personal income levels and consumer spending will also stimulate demand for flavors and fragrances used in cosmetics and toiletries, a market segment historically concentrated in North America and Western Europe, but now seeing rapid advances in developing regions. The best opportunities for flavors and fragrances will be found in the Asia/Pacific region, which will account for one-third of total value gains between 2009 and 2014.

China, India among best growth opportunities

While the US is by far the world's largest user of flavors and fragrances (accounting for one-quarter of world demand), the fastest growth will occur in developing regions. Asia, Central and South America, Eastern Europe and the Africa/ Mideast region will all outpace the global average. Industrialization trends and aroma chemicals manufacturer increases in living standards will fuel demand for flavors and fragrances in generally underdeveloped end-user manufacturing industries of these regions. Over the forecast period, the Asia/Pacific region will surpass Western Europe to become the second largest regional consumer of flavors and fragrances, behind North America. In particular, China and India will see some of the most rapid growth in both demand and output, as multinational producers continue to establish subsidiaries in these countries in order to meet local demand.

Food and beverages to remain largest market

Food and beverages, which accounted for 47 percent of aggregate demand in 2009, will remain the largest market for flavors and fragrances. This is due to the widespread application of flavor materials in processed food, snacks, soft drinks, candy and confectioneries, and other items such as meat and seafood products, aroma chemicals manufacturer sauces and condiments. The further expansion of fortified food -- as well as beverages -- will provide opportunities, since flavors are often used to cover up the off-tastes of vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and other added ingredients. Trends toward fast food and other convenience-oriented food options (e.g., ready-to-eat meals) will further boost demand, as these highly processed items often require stronger flavor loadings. The toiletry and cleaner segment will also remain an important market. Faster growth is expected for applications in cosmetics and toiletries, while demand in the well-established detergent and cleaner industry will be limited by market maturity, even in developing regions such as Eastern Europe. Skin care products are expected to provide some of the best opportunities, reflecting expansion of the skin care industry itself, as manufacturers continue to target growth segments with products designed for middle-aged and older adults seeking anti-aging solutions. In addition, fragrances will continue to play an important role in product differentiation in the toiletry and cleaner segment, supporting demand for fragrance blends and aroma chemicals manufacturer used in related products.

Study coverage

This new industry study presents historical demand data (1999, 2004 and 2009) plus forecasts for 2014 and 2019 by product (e.g., flavor blends, fragrance blends, essential oils and natural extracts, aroma chemicals), market (e.g., food and beverages, toiletries and cleaners), world region and for 18 countries. The study also considers market environment factors, evaluates company market share and profiles 37 industry competitors.

Global demand to rise 4.3% annually through 2014

Worldwide demand for flavors and fragrances -- including flavor and fragrance blends, as well as essential oils and other natural extracts, and aroma chemicals -- is projected to increase 4.3 percent per year to $23.5 billion in 2014. Overall advances will be stimulated by gains in food and beverage processing activity, which represents by far the largest market segment. Growth in personal income levels and consumer spending will also stimulate demand for flavors and fragrances used in cosmetics and toiletries, a market segment historically concentrated in North America and Western Europe, but now seeing rapid advances in developing regions. The best opportunities for flavors and fragrances will be found in the Asia/Pacific region, which will account for one-third of total value gains between 2009 and 2014.

China, India among best growth opportunities

While the US is by far the world's largest user of flavors and fragrances (accounting for one-quarter of world demand), the fastest growth will occur in developing regions. Asia, Central and South America, Eastern Europe and the Africa/ Mideast region will all outpace the global average. Industrialization trends and increases in living standards will fuel demand for flavors and fragrances in generally underdeveloped end-user manufacturing industries of these regions. Over the forecast period, the Asia/Pacific region will surpass Western Europe to become the second largest regional consumer of flavors and fragrances, behind North America. In particular, China and India will see some of the most rapid growth in both demand and output, as multinational producers continue to establish subsidiaries in these countries in order to meet local demand.

Food and beverages to remain largest market

Food and beverages, which accounted for 47 percent of aggregate demand in 2009, will remain the largest market for flavors and fragrances. This is due to the widespread application of flavor materials in processed food, snacks, soft drinks, candy and confectioneries, and other items such as meat and seafood products, sauces and condiments. The further expansion of fortified food -- as well as beverages -- will provide opportunities, since flavors are often used to cover up the off-tastes of vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and other added ingredients. Trends toward fast food and other convenience-oriented food options (e.g., ready-to-eat meals) will further boost demand, as these highly processed items often require stronger flavor loadings. The toiletry and cleaner segment will also remain an important market. Faster growth is expected for applications in cosmetics and toiletries, while demand in the well-established detergent and cleaner industry will be limited by market maturity, even in developing regions such as Eastern Europe. Skin care products are expected to provide some of the best opportunities, reflecting expansion of the skin care industry itself, as manufacturers continue to target growth segments with products designed for middle-aged and older adults seeking anti-aging solutions. In addition, fragrances will continue to play an important role in product differentiation in the toiletry and cleaner segment, supporting demand for fragrance blends and aroma chemicals manufacturer used in related products.

Study coverage

This new industry study presents historical demand data (1999, 2004 and 2009) plus forecasts for 2014 and 2019 by product (e.g., flavor blends, fragrance blends, essential oils and natural extracts, aroma chemicals), market (e.g., food and beverages, toiletries and cleaners), world region and for 18 countries. The study also considers market environment factors, evaluates company market share and profiles 37 industry competitors.

Developing a room freshener, scented oil, or scented candle that whispers "cool spring air." Giving toothpaste or mouthwash a refreshing aftertaste that lingers and lingers.

The process for putting the smell that sells into thousands of consumer products is much like composing a symphony, according to maestro fragrance designer Michael Papas, who spoke here today at the 240th National Meeting of the American aroma chemicals Society (ACS).

"We're talking about the harmonious mixing and matching of potentially hundreds of individual aroma chemicals manufacturer," Papas explained. "Composers have their musical notes, and we actually use what are called 'fragrance notes' ? three of them ? that unfold over time to the nose like stanzas of a symphony to the ear."

Papas said that few people are aware of the all-pervasive nature of smells. Scents are a part of human experience from the time people awake in the morning to the time they fall asleep at night. Childhood memories stay with people throughout life. And smells can have a powerful influence on human emotions.

"Fragrances can make people feel good," said Papas, who is vice president-executive perfumer at Givaudan Fragrances Corporation, in East Hanover, N.J. He specializes in developing fragrances for everyday products, including laundry products, scented oils and candles, room sprays, and household cleaners. "Fragrances are part of what has been called 'nasal nostalgia', bringing back long-forgotten memories of pleasant experiences for people to enjoy once again," he added. "We strive to connect with an emotion that makes the consumer feel good and could be perhaps a little nostalgic."

Papas cites as inspiration the computer-animated film Ratatouille, which is about a rat, Remy, who dreams of becoming a gourmet chef. In one scene, Remy impresses a prominent food critic with a delicate, but plain, meal that evokes fond memories of his childhood.

"It was a very simple meal, but it dealt with emotion," Papas said. "It's the same with fragrance. A successful fragrance, much like a favorite movie, food, or song, must create such a strong connection with the consumer. "It is important for fragrance designers to try to transport customers to another, perhaps better, place or time."

Finding that emotional level while creating soothing scents is not simple, said Papas, a veteran in the industry for almost three decades. For starters, he explained even the most basic of fragrances is complex. Each is a unique blend of synthetic and natural substances, including essential oils extracted from flowers and plants. Subtle scents found within the fragrances, called notes, characterize the odor profile. These notes, similar to musical notes, must work well together as building blocks to form the bouquet.

Top notes are light, dissipate quickly and are often citrusy, whereas middle and bottom notes are deeper aromas and could be depicted as fruity or woodsy. Anywhere from 800 to 1,500 aroma chemicals manufacturer, all with their own unique profiles and characteristics, could be found in a product, depending on its complexity, Papas said.

"Creativity is such a fundamentally important aspect to what we do," Papas said. "Look at someone like the pop singer Lady Gaga. Some critics might think she's unusual, but she's creative, and she crosses boundaries and is able to inspire. For me, designing a fragrance is about amazing the consumer in unexpected ways, and I try to cross boundaries."

But a good design, he said, is much more than a pleasant aroma. Designers need to tailor their creation so that it's coherent with the product's ultimate application. The smell of air fresheners must add ambiance and freshness to the home. Likewise, laundry fragrances must have notes that are light and clean.

In requests to develop a new fragrance, clients often request development of a fragrance that contains descriptions of a particular scent and also instructions that the aroma chemicals capture distinct perceptions or even help recall certain emotions.

Wow, the label reads ‘fragrance free‘. That must mean the product has no artificial fragrance added to it and it’s free of artificial scents. Right?

Our immediate perception when we read a claim that a product is fragrance free, is that it’s natural and free of artificial fragrances. But sadly the term ‘fragrance free’ simply means the product is ’smell free’.

Everything carries with it an adour or smell. To make a fragrance-free product, the manufacturer must neutralize the Aroma chemicals by putting synthetic chemicals in the product. More chemicals means more toxins.

This play on words can be quite deceiving for us consumers and it’s easy to fall into their manipulative traps. I know I’ve been fooled into believing that a product that reads fragrance free is more natural to use. What a difference a simple change in wording can make - ‘fragrance free’ & ’smell free’. They both imply the same meaning yet they draw up a completely different imagery in our minds. (Clap, clap, clap….. I must applaud the beauty industry for such marketing wizardry).

It’s really hard to escape this fragrance trap. The sad fact is that we are surrounded by an environment that is filled with unnatural artificial smells, where 90% of the materials used in modern fragrances are synthetic.

Regulation for the perfumery / fragrance industry is weak. Safety testing before marketing is not required & ingredients used in fragrance formulas do not have to be disclosed even to regulatory agencies. There is little monitoring of compliance or enforcement of laws that are in place. So you can pretty much assume that the fragrance industry is primarily self-regulated.

Artificial fragrances, Aroma chemicals stabilizers, and scent enhances are all allergens & irritants that will stimulate and trigger adverse medical reactions. For those dealing with health issues, such as asthma, eczema, cancer or other medical ailments, you need to be extra vigilant with product labels. The ‘fragrance free’ example illustrates that product labeling claims cannot be taken on face value.

Lately I have been immersed in the wonderful world of natural fragrances – a logical transition for those looking for a lock, stock and barrel approach to their cosmetics. However, while I take this world for granted it seems that many of you are completely bamboozled by the whole thing. So, what on earth ARE natural fragrances?

They can be one of two things.

 The most common way to make a natural fragrance is to blend pure essential oils together using perfumery skills to balance the top, middle and base characteristics of each oil. This approach is a little different to that taken by an aromatherapist who is mostly interested in blending oils for maximum therapeutic effect. This is no easy feat to acomplish as each individual essential oil contains a plethora of naturally occuring aroma chemicals, each with their own distinctive smells. However, with careful blending based and selection it is possible to form a series of fragrance accords (like a smelly bouquet) that compliment rather than contradict each other. Beautiful!

These ‘fragrances’ are technically still only essential oils and as such would be listed as essential oils on the back of the product. The word ‘fragrance’ is not legally required!

The other way to make natural fragrances is to do the above but then build on certain smell characteristics by adding in selected aroma chemicals supplier that have been naturally extracted. This technique can be used to make the fragrances more complex, longer lasting or just a little fuller and it gives the perfumer endless opportunities for creativity and play!

As you would be aware essential oils are complex mixtures containing what can be hundreds of naturally occuring aroma chemicals, some examples of which are Linalool and Linalyl Acetate – the key components in Lavender and Citral - the key component in Lemon, Lemon Myrtle, Orange and Lime. The aroma chemicals listed above are known irritants and so a good perfumer will understand which aroma chemicals should be added into the mix to ‘neutralise’ or ‘minimise’ the irritant effect. This ‘formulating down the risk’ activity takes place all over the cosmetics industry and is an effective way of creating safe formulations without compromising on creative freedom.

So where do we get these aroma chemicals manufacturer from then?

A number of places! As I mentioned above, essential oils are full of aroma chemicals and it is possible to deconstruct these pure oils via further distillation and extraction to split out some of these independent notes. This is not a new thing for the fragrance industry but it is more usual for perfumes to contain synthetically produced aroma chemicals due to costs and availability.

This second family of natural fragrance would be listed as ‘perfume’ on the label as that is what has been created however, providing that all of the ‘ingredients’ are ‘natural’ (this information would be on the ingredient specifications) then it would be OK to market products utilising this technology as ‘contains natural fragrance’

As you can imagine this is an exciting area to be working in as the possibilities for further development are endless. However, it is worth pointing out that this is one area where natural does not always mean better! Natural fragrances can still irritate,   be less substantive (so they don’t last as long) and can also be more highly coloured making them harder to hide in a formulation. But on the good side they smell glorious as they are inspired by nature. I know what I’m opting for!

Ludwigshafen , Germany – July 29, 2010 – The Board of Executive Directors of BASF SE announced the following changes in its organization and management team.

 In order to prepare for the integration of Cognis, BASF will establish a new division. Effective August 1, 2010, BASF’s Care Chemicals division will be split into two separate divisions:

 The Nutrition & Health division, to be established on August 1, will incorporate the Nutrition Ingredients and Aroma Chemicals businesses, as well as Pharma Ingredients & Services. Walter Dissinger (47) currently Senior Vice President, Crop Protection Latin America (Mexico, Middle America, South America), BASF S.A., Sao Paulo, Bazil will become President of the newly established division.

 The Personal Care, Hygiene, Home Care and Industrial Formulators businesses will form the Care Aroma Chemicals division, headed by Gabriel Tanbourgi (54), President of the current Care Chemicals division.

 Both divisions will be part of the Performance Products segment.

 Other changes announced:

 Beate Ehle (46), currently President of BASF’s Intermediates division located in Ludwigshafen, Germany, will become President for the regional division Market & Business Development North America located in Florham Park, New Jersey. The current President, Joseph C. Breunig will leave the company effective August 31, 2010.

 Sanjeev Gulab Gandhi (43), Senior Vice President, Petrochemicals Asia Pacific, at BASF South East Asia located in Singapore will succeed Ms Ehle as President of the Intermediates division.

 Note to Editors

Photos can be found on the internet under www.basf.com/pressphoto-database, search term: Personnel changes. Their biographies can be found in the Download Center.

 About BASF

BASF is the world’s leading Aroma Chemicals company: The Chemical Company. Its portfolio ranges from chemicals, plastics and performance products to agricultural products, fine Aroma Chemicals as well as oil and gas. As a reliable partner BASF creates chemistry to help its customers in virtually all industries to be more successful. With its high-value products and intelligent solutions, BASF plays an important role in finding answers to global challenges such as climate protection, energy efficiency, nutrition and mobility. BASF posted sales of more than €50 billion in 2009 and had approximately 105,000 employees as of the end of the year. BASF shares are traded on the stock exchanges in Frankfurt (BAS), London (BFA) and Zurich (AN). Further information on BASF is available on the Internet at www.basf.com.

As an exclusively natural perfumer, I fully agree with the statement:

"natural aroma materials can impart a beauty to a perfume which no synthetic or combination of synthetic aroma materials can match".

Many essential oils are like exquisitely balanced perfumes that have evolved by nature over millions of years.   Some essential oils are so lovely they take your breath away.   However, they are also so lovely that you "want" to breath them in, as much as possible. I challenge you to find a synthetic aroma chemical that you would honestly like to breathe, for any length of time.

Synthetic aroma chemicals really are different.   I purchased a number of them because I was curious about them and was very surprised to find that they are mildly to extremely unpleasant on their own.   They have the strange quality of being extremely powerful on the first sniff, but fading almost instantly to nothing, because they cause the nose to instantly saturate.

Smelling a blend of synthetics reminds me of watching a 10 second TV commercial.   You get a fleeting image for a few seconds and it's gone.   And that image, like an ad, has a false, illusory quality to it.   There is almost a recognition of something, almost beauty, and then it's gone.   Perhaps this could be seen as a good thing because it lets your imagination fill in the blanks.

But it's an illusion, because the chemicals themselves are almost always unattractive and often repulsive industrial smells when smelled on their own. No blend of these unpleasant materials can create true beauty.

 Someone left an air freshener in my car recently. At first I thought hmm "pina colada" nice.   After a few hours however, it started to become ugly.   Day by day it became more intolerable and finally I had to get it out. The beauty turned out to be a lie. It never really smelled like "pina colada", just the illusion of it.

This never happens with natural scents. They stay lovely until they fade away. They never become cloying, or make you to want to run away.

Perfumes were more of an art in the past, when there was still significant use of essential oils.   There were synthetics but were always used in combination with natural.   100% synthetic was reserved for cleaning products and toilet bowl fresheners.

Now there is virtually no essential oil at all in synthetic perfumes. Synthetic perfumery is the last bastion of the “synthetic”.   Most of us avoid foods that contain synthetic flavors, many prefer natural creams and lotions for our precious skin but the industry has so far done a good job in keeping commercial perfumery completely synthetic.

Few people are aware that the $90 bottle of perfume they are buying contains just a few cents worth of aroma chemicals and absolutely nothing derived from the plant world.

This trick by the perfume industry has gotten much worse over the last 25 years or so. They gradually evolved the perfumes by slowly replacing the natural ingredients with synthetics.   The motivation was almost purely financial, chemicals are easier to manufacture products with, and they are often 100’s of times less expensive than the oils they are replacing. For example,   A liter of genuine rose absolute can cost $10,000 or more.   A liter of “linalool” is $28. So it is rather obvious why a company would want to replace all the rose oil in their product with linalool and other chemicals. And they did. 

They substituted ingredients slowly enough so that nobody would notice their favorite product shifting.   But the industry gradually turned into a lie.   They try to convince us that these products are beautiful, when they are only cheap knockoffs of the original beauty, designed purely for profit.    They managed to convince us that these stinking, cloying, choking aroma chemicals are what perfume is supposed to smell like. They must be high quality because they are so expensive and our favorite celebrity claims to wear them. Right?

However, the next time you get into an elevator and are choking for breath, you will know the truth.   This is the reason that so many people “hate perfume”. They listen to their senses and see through the emperor’s new clothes.

Yes it’s true that essential oils are harder to work with and often far more expensive.   But once your nose becomes accustomed to the real thing, you can no longer accept the cheap toxic substitute. 

I haven’t even spoken about the health issues. It’s very possible that “Toxic” really is. But I’ll stop now.

Due to the scarcity and increasing demand of Sandalwood oil, It’s price is gone up to $1200-1700 per kilogram. Hence, it is too expensive to use in fragrance formulations. Any fragrance formulation is incomplete without a sandalwood note, thus the sandalwood note is indispensable in fragrance formulations. There are many aroma chemicals available in the market, ranging from $7 to $500 per kilogram, which are found to have some characteristics of Sandalwood oil. But the note or the aroma of the oil cannot be replaced by a single aroma chemical. Using these aroma chemicals we can create formulations similar to the aroma of Sandalwood oil. These formulations are used in fine fragrances, soaps, detergents, toiletries and skin care products. Privi OrganicsLtd, India is manufacturing a wide range of aroma chemicals having the typical note of sandalwood oil. Using these chemicals we have developed a versatile formulation which has all the characteristic notes of sandalwood oil. This formulation costs about $20 per kilo gram. Hence, I strongly recommend the perfumers all over the world to try out this formulation as it is or may modify it to suit their requirements.

Formula

1.TIMBERTOUCH [P] – 6.83% W/W

2. SANDALFLEUR[P] -19.7%

3. INDIAN SANDAL CORE [P] – 19.43

4. SANTANOL [P] – 5.92

5. SUPER SANDAL CORE [P] – 2.09

6. SANDALTOUCH[P] -6.29

7. PRIVINOL[P] – 2.11

8. OSYROL-AFC -1.28

9. YARA YARA -0.03

10. GALAXOLIDE 50 IN BB – 0.38

11. ROSE OXIDE – 0.08

12. KEPHALIS – 0.20

13. NIMBEROL[P] – 1.29

14. ACETO KETAL[P] – 0.44

15. CAMPHFLEUR[P] – 3.32

16. VETIKOL – 0.41

17.CAMEK-S [P] – 4.22

18. CEDRANOL [P] – 1.12

19. UNDECAVERTOL 10% IN DPG – 0.05

20. DEP – 10.37

21. ICCH – 2.74

22. ALPHA-IONOL – 1.09

23.KOHINOOL – 0.09

24. AMBERFLEUR [P] – 5.98

25. VETIKONE -0.18

26. DIHYDRO BETA IONONE -2.31

27. GAMMA METHYL IONONE[P] – 0.67

28. CARRYOPHYLLENE ACETATE – 1.25

29.CINNAMIC ALCOHOL – 0.11

30.ANISIC ACETATE -0.01

31.CUMINIC ALDEHYDE – 0.11

The products noted with [P] are manufactured by Privi Organics Limited, India.

Dr.Prashantkumar Kudli Shrinivas is having 12 years industrial experience in Aroma chemicals and Perfumery & Flavour formulations. He is also a permanent member of Indian Institute of Chemical Engineers & NMR Association of India. He is presently working as Manager-Research& Development in Privi Organics Limited,,India.

The history of perfume goes back to ancient Egypt, the Middle East and Rome where it was used as an essential part of the beautification rituals of women of status of the day. It played a big role in the acts of romance and courtship. In addition, it was also commonly used in religious rituals.

In the early days of perfume making in Europe, classic perfumes were exclusively made with natural aromatic raw material obtained from botanical and animal sources. These were very expensive to obtain and the finished perfumes were even more expensive, reflecting the cost of production. The combination of this two factors meant only the very rich could afford the finished perfumes.

The gradual transformation of classic perfume into its present day version started in the 19th century as a result of technological advancement and further enlightenment in the study of modern aroma chemicals chemistry.

The classic to modern evolution process began in Grasse in the South France and quickly spread into Paris; making it the world's perfume capital then, as it remains till this day. Known as the flower capital of France, Grasse is a beautiful town steeped in perfume history. It's where Rose, Jasmine, Tuberose, Narcissus and Orange plants grew in abundance to offer the perfume makers of the day some of the most wonderful raw aroma chemicals materials to work with.

Even now, Grasse continues to provide discerning perfumers all over the world with some of the finest, but very expensive natural botanical absolutes and precious oils used in perfumery.

Things have changed so much over that years that in present times, when the word "perfume" is mentioned, most people think of department store fragrances. Massive transformation has occurred in perfumery; artisan creativity and technology has taken the art of perfume making far beyond its origin of earlier days.

Fragrances are no longer a privilege reserved for the rich alone. Exquisite, beautifully scented perfumes are now extensively crafted in vast volumes and sold at affordable prices to the general public. This is made possible because modern perfumes are mostly composed with the much cheaper, man-made aromatic compounds and substances known as aroma chemicals.

Aromas chemical are made to mimic and replace some of the most expensive botanical oils and animal derived raw materials. They are also used to produce other beautiful odors that do not occur on nature, thereby extending the repertoire of pleasant odors perfume makers have easy access to

On rare occasions, some of the big perfume houses still use some botanical oils combined with aroma chemicals in some of their mainstream modern perfumes.

Nowadays, natural and niche perfumers are just about the only ones who make perfumes in the classic style.

In this article I want to talk about the use of the Volcano Vaporization system in the field of Aroma chemicals.

Aroma therapy is the practice of using essential oils for improving psychological and physical health. Essential oils are highly concentrated extracts from leaves, stems, roots, bark, or other parts of various plants. These potent extracts are shown to have anti-bacterial, anti-septic and various other medicinal advantages.

There are tons of ways to use essential oil for personal well-being, such as adding it to bath-water, using it as massage-oil additive, natural bug-repellent or inhaling it. And this is where the Volcano Vaporizer comes into play!

The Volcano Vaporizer is a smoking device designed to consume various plants in a healthy and effective way. With the vaporisation technique hot air passes through the plants, causing the active ingredients to release into the air where they can be inhaled. The biggest advantage to regular combustion is that you avoid inhaling all the toxic combustion by-products that are generated when you burn plant material. These by-products simply don’t come into existence when you vaporize!. Additionally the plant material doesn’t get destroyed in the process, allowing it to be re-used several times until the aroma and active ingredients are completely released.

Now what really makes this device interesting for Aroma chemicalsis that you’re not limited to vaporizing plants only but you can vaporize essential oils too! The Volcano Vaporizer comes with a liquid pad especially for the purpose of vaporizing essential oils. All these factors combined make the Volcano Vaporizer very interesting for people interested in Aroma chemicals.

If you plan to use the Volcano Vaporizer for Aroma chemicals. though, make sure to use only essential oils that have been certified for aroma therapy and that are 100% pure. Apparently some manufacturers use chemicals in their essential oils which can be potentially dangerous if inhaled. So make sure you use essential oils that are designed for inhalation!